In Germany, some regions have started implementing mandatory low-paid work programs for asylum seekers, causing a stir. These programs are seen by supporters as a means of integrating immigrants into society, while opponents view them as exploitative, comparing them to slave labor. The controversy arises in a context where Germany’s aging population urgently needs workers, yet asylum seekers are restricted in their employment opportunities during the asylum process.
In the eastern state of Thuringia, the district of Saale-Orla-Kries has launched a pilot project involving dozens of Syrian immigrants. Hanan Baghdadhi and Anas Alharerei are part of this program, working at a local sports association for about $0.86 an hour, performing tasks like cleaning and washing sports kits. Baghdadhi views this work as voluntary, despite Germany’s standard minimum wage being around $12.85 an hour. Both she and Alharerei express gratitude for the opportunity, feeling they owe something back to the state that supports them.
Participants in this program receive a monthly state allowance of nearly $500, but those who refuse to join the work program have about $200 deducted from this allowance. Christian Herrgott, a district councilor from the Christian Democrats, who initiated the work program, emphasizes the importance of asylum seekers contributing to society if they benefit from taxpayers’ money.
Critics argue that these programs cater to anti-immigration sentiments, especially with upcoming elections in regions where the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party is expected to gain support. Tareq Alaows from Pro Asyl, an immigration advocacy organization, believes that instead of compulsory work programs, efforts should focus on facilitating access to the regular labor market for asylum seekers.
Germany’s labour market, already strained by an aging population and a shortage of skilled workers, needs an annual influx of 400,000 new workers to sustain its economic growth. While there are legal barriers preventing asylum seekers from working during their asylum process, some can look for employment without a permit after six months in the country. However, language barriers and unrecognized qualifications often hinder their job search.
A study by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) found that by 2022, nearly two-thirds of the asylum seekers who arrived in 2015 had found jobs, though many were working below their previous employment levels. The rigid German system of qualifications and the long road to obtaining necessary certificates make it challenging for refugees to enter the job market. However, Syrian refugees have made notable contributions in the medical field, addressing the shortage of skilled workers.
Baghdadhi, who has been in Germany for seven months, still awaits placement in a language program. Her job at the sports club offers limited opportunities for linguistic or social interaction, leaving her feeling isolated. She hopes for better integration and more fulfilling work opportunities in the future.