New data from the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) reveals that workers with a migrant background are significantly overrepresented in Germany’s shortage occupations. The findings highlight the country’s growing dependence on migrant labour in key sectors.
According to the report, 67% of construction workers, 51% of agricultural workers, 47% of tile setters, 46% of hospitality workers, and 46% of bus and tram drivers have a recent migration background. In contrast, only 26% of Germany’s overall population has a migrant background, defined as those who moved to Germany after 1950 or are descendants of immigrants.
Despite this reliance on foreign labour, Germany’s political climate remains divided on immigration policies. During recent election debates, several political parties proposed stricter immigration rules. Chancellor-elect Friedrich Merz, for instance, pledged to address what he called the country’s migration “problem.” However, economic experts warn that Germany needs at least 400,000 foreign workers annually to sustain its workforce and prevent economic decline.
Healthcare organizations have taken steps to illustrate this dependence. Klinikum Darmstadt in Hesse went viral for a video showing its staff shrinking as employees with migrant backgrounds stepped out of frame, visually demonstrating the essential role of migrant workers.
As Germany struggles with labour shortages, the debate continues over how to balance economic necessity with political pressures on immigration policy.