Hungary is bracing for increased migration challenges as shifts in Schengen policies reshape border management and regional dynamics. In 2024, authorities apprehended nearly 16,000 illegal migrants and 132 smugglers, highlighting ongoing pressures on Europe’s migration systems.
György Bakondi, Hungary’s Chief Security Advisor, emphasized the evolving nature of migration along the Balkan route. While the number of crossings decreased compared to earlier years, migration routes have shifted to Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia. This change follows joint efforts by Hungarian and Serbian police to manage rising migrant flows.
Bakondi also criticized the European Union’s (EU) migration pact, calling it ineffective and urging the bloc to implement comprehensive solutions. He warned that without significant policy reforms, migration-related challenges would persist.
In a significant policy shift, Hungary ended border checks with Romania after Romania’s accession to the Schengen Zone. At a ceremony at the Csanádpalota border, Hungary’s National Police Chief, János Balogh, hailed the move as “historic,” emphasizing its potential to strengthen economic and cultural ties. Levente Magyar, a state secretary at Hungary’s foreign ministry, expressed pride in the decision, noting that removing the border would reconnect communities and benefit hundreds of thousands on both sides.
While open borders with Romania will ease travel for visitors and help migrants reunite with family, irregular migration remains a pressing concern. Hungary’s stricter collaboration with neighboring countries and enhanced policing along migration routes aim to curb illegal crossings. However, these measures could redirect migration to other routes, complicating the broader European migration landscape.
The European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS), set to launch soon, will require non-EU nationals to obtain travel clearance before entering Schengen countries. This system is designed to enhance border security while supporting legal travel.
Hungary’s actions also spotlight divisions within the EU regarding migration policies. While Hungary opened its border with Romania, other areas have tightened restrictions, reflecting differing priorities among member states. Hungary’s criticism of EU migration agreements could spark broader debates about reforming the bloc’s approach to migration.
As Hungary adapts to shifting migration trends and fulfills its Schengen responsibilities, the region faces critical decisions. Balancing security, human rights, and regional cooperation will be key to addressing these challenges effectively. The question remains whether the EU can unify its efforts to meet this complex issue head-on.