Ahead of Senegal’s imminent elections, scheduled for Sunday 24th of March 2024, the issue of migration has emerged as a central theme in the national discourse. Despite 12 years of Macky Sall’s presidency, the flow of young people attempting migration to Europe persists, driven by aspirations for better employment and a more promising future.
Official statistics reveal that approximately half of Senegal’s 18 million population are under 18 years old, with many feeling disenchanted about their prospects within the country. The allure of Europe as a destination for a better life continues to grow among Senegalese youth, contributing to a surge in migration attempts.
In 2023, data from the European Border Agency Frontex indicated a significant increase in arrivals on the Canary Islands, predominantly from Senegal. Families left behind in Senegal often rely on migrants’ remittances to sustain their livelihoods, underscoring the socio-economic impact of migration.
One of the driving factors behind the exodus is grievances against President Macky Sall’s administration for perceived mismanagement of the fishing industry. This has led to depleted fish stocks and diminishing livelihoods for local fishermen. Foreign trawler agreements have exacerbated this situation, making it increasingly challenging for artisanal fishermen to compete.
Critics argue that the Senegalese government’s renegotiation of fishing rights with the EU in 2014 primarily focused on commercial interests, neglecting the welfare of local fishermen. The Environmental Justice Foundation reported a significant decline in catches for artisanal fishermen due to increased foreign trawler activity, exacerbating economic hardships.
During the election campaigns, candidates like Anta Babacar have pledged to review existing agreements with the EU, acknowledging the link between fish shortages and rising migration rates. However, skepticism prevails among the electorate, which demands concrete actions rather than mere promises.
For migrants like Khalifa Ndour and Momar Pouye Ngom, awaiting legalization in Spain, the uncertainty of their future underscores the urgent need for comprehensive policies addressing youth unemployment and economic opportunities within Senegal. Civil society organizations like the Senegalese Association for Migrant Partnerships advocate for state-led initiatives to create viable alternatives to migration.
As Senegal navigates the complexities of migration, the incoming leadership faces the challenge of addressing systemic issues driving youth disillusionment, including unemployment and political unrest. To foster a brighter future for Senegal’s youth, sustainable solutions necessitate a multifaceted approach encompassing economic empowerment, educational reforms, and governance accountability.